Pre grouting of linkage resistor and rock expansion

In underground construction ground water inflow and rock mass stability has been a major challenge. The tunnels which were constructed below ground water table are oftenly used to expose the risk of ground water inflow. The protection of undergroundstructures against water ingress and rock mass failure is of paramount importance during construction as well as while operating the tunnels. Several risks related to these hydrogeological issues pose many challenges to engineers. Moreover, such practices were measured for leakage control and rock mass improvement which is being successfully implemented in many countries.

Control of groundwater leakage and rock mass stability has always been a challenging task for tunneling engineers. Slowing down of the tunnel advance rates, installation of support systems, durability of the lining systems and hindrance to safe operation of the tunnel are some of the key risks faced in most of tunneling projects due to water ingress and rock mass instability. These problems often lead to schedule delays and cost overruns.