In 1932, La Barre used the word “incretin” to refer an extract from upper gut mucosa that produce hypoglycemia. . Incretins are a group of metabolic hormones which are having mimetic effect of insulin. It helps to increase the amount of secretion of insulin from the pancreatic cells of Islets of Langerhan’s after meal. It also play vital role for decreasing the rate of absorption of nutrients from gut into blood by reducing food intake, inhibit glucagon release from the alpha cells of pancreas. Two types of incretin hormones have been identified in ruminants and human, such as glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). More than 200 species (1200) of medicinal plants have been claimed to have antidiabetic properties. Out of them, around 33% have been scientifically studied and documented.
The study revealed that these drugs are having ability to modulate one or more pathways and regulate insulin resistance, beta cell function and GLP-1 homeostasis . Research based studies showed that berbery, bitter melon, cinnamom tree, gardenia, Korean pine, little dragon, mango, pygeum, fenugreek and lychee composed of insulinotropic compounds. But isolation of active metabolomics and the multicentre base clinical trials are needed to propagate the herbal medicine in the world.
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